expanded adj. 1.膨胀的;被扩大的;被延伸的;(花瓣)展开的。 2.【印刷】宽体的 (=extended)。 expanded wings 展开的翅膀。 an expanded program 一项扩大了的计划。
skin n. 1.(人体的)皮,皮肤。 2.〔口语〕皮肉;肉体,性命。 3. 兽皮,(特指小牛、山羊等小动物的)皮革。 【解剖学】真皮。 4.皮制品,(装酒等的)皮囊。 5.(果实、葱等的)皮,壳;奶皮。 6.【航海】(叠起来的)帆的上部;(船体的)外板,壳板。 7.〔俚语〕骗子;〔美口〕吝啬鬼,小气鬼。 8.〔戏谑语〕人,家伙;马,〔尤指〕瘦马。 9.〔美俚〕〔pl.〕一套鼓〔尤指爵士乐队的〕。 10.〔美俚〕一美元。 the true [inner] skin 真皮。 green [raw, undressed] skin 生皮。 clean skins 〔澳大利亚〕无烙印的野牛。 a bad old skin 〔俚语〕老坏蛋。 be in sb.'s skin 变做某人。 (I would not be in your skin. 我无论如何不愿意是你)。 be no skin off sb.'s back [nose] 〔美口〕与某人无关;对某人没影响。 by [with] the skin of one's teeth 〔口语〕好容易才,幸而。 cast the skin 脱皮。 change one's skin 改变性格;作风等;改头换面,装出新的面貌。 fly [jump, leap] out of one's skin 惊喜若狂;大吃一惊。 get off with a whole skin 平安脱险,安然无恙。 get under sb.'s skin 抓住某人的心;使某人高兴[发怒、厌烦]。 have a thick [thin] skin 感觉迟钝[敏锐];面皮厚[薄]。 in a bad skin 〔俚语〕情绪不好;发着脾气。 in [with] a whole skin 平安无事地。 in one's skin 〔戏谑语〕一丝不挂地。 save one's skin 平安逃脱,未受损伤。 skin and bone(s) (瘦得只剩)皮包骨。 wet(ted) to the skin 浑身湿透。 wear next to the skin 贴身穿着。 vt. (-nn-) 1.剥…的皮;削…的皮;使脱去贴身衣服;(拿皮)覆盖(伤口),使愈合 (over) 擦伤(皮)。 2.〔口语〕抢夺,骗取;(严厉)批评;责斥;〔美俚〕(比赛中)击败,胜过。 3.〔口语〕(用鞭)驱赶(牲口)。 a skinned rabbit 瘦鬼。 a skinned diamond 〔美国〕不长草的棒球场。 vi. 1.长皮 (over) (伤口)愈合,长出新皮。 2.〔美俚〕(考试等时)作弊,夹带。 3.〔口语〕攀爬 (up, down) 勉强挤过去 (by, through)。 4.〔俚语〕逃走,溜掉。 keep one's eyes skinned 〔口语〕把眼睛看牢,小心提防。 skin a flea for its hide (and tallow) 〔口语〕非常俭省。 skin a flint 非常吝啬。 skin a razor 做不可能的事情。 skin a wicked eye 〔美国〕不怀好意地盯着。 skin alive 〔美俚〕活剥;折磨;严责;使大败。 skin off 脱下(衣服等)。 skin out (猎狗)老远老远地乱跑。 skin the cat 两脚由双手间穿上去翻坐铁杆上。 skin the lamb 全赢,满贯。
Therefore maintaining a long period is necessary important for the expanded skin 因此扩张后维持相当的时间是必须的。
The following items and data analysis are measured on the second stage surgery : ( 1 ) the area of the expanded skin . ( 2 ) comparison with the rapid and the conventional expansion . ( 3 ) tension of skin in vivo 在二期手术时进行如下的实验检测和数据分析: ( 1 )测量扩张皮肤的面积( 2 )常规扩张和快速扩张( 3 )在体皮肤的张力( 4 )皮肤的即时回缩率( 5 )组织学检查( 6 )皮肤的胶原含量( 7 )皮肤的生物力学特性,包括强度、应力应变关系、应力松弛、蠕变。
Through the research of the tension in vivo , the immediate retraction rate and histology examination about the different ways and different maintaining , we get : the increase area of the rapid and conventional expansion has little difference with the expanded time ; however it has significant difference with the maintaining time . it shows that shortening the expanded time is feasible in clinic , but shortening the maintaining time is out of the question ; after the capsule is removed , immediate retraction rate of the expanded skin notably decreased , significantly different from those with intact capsule ; the collagen content of the rapid expansion is just the same as the conventional expansion , but the changes of the histology dependences on the maintaining time . comparison with conventional expansion , rapid expansion has no significant drawback ; maintaining a period after expansion can greatly increase the area of expanded skin and reduce immediate retraction 通过对不同扩张期、不同方式和不同维持期对扩张皮肤的在体张力、即时回缩和皮肤组织学的研究,得到:快速扩张和常规扩张最后获取的皮瓣,面北京工业大学工学博士学位论文一积增加差别不大;扩张皮肤的面积增加和张力下降与维持期的长短有关;而与扩张期的长短关系不大,说明在皮肤扩张术中可以缩短注水时间,但是维持时间不能缩短;扩张皮肤去除包膜后的即时回缩率下降,与未去除包膜的相比较有明显差异;快速扩张皮肤的胶原含量变化与常规扩张的基本一致,扩张皮肤的组织学变化与维持期的关系较为密切,与扩张方式关系不大;快速扩张和常规扩张相比,快速扩张没有明显的破坏作用;扩张结束后,维持一段时间,能有效的提高扩张面积且能有效地减少回缩。
Using biomechanics methods , through the study of the influence of different injection and maintain period on the expansion efficacy and shrinkage rate of skin , a rapid expansion method with relatively big expansion area is proposed ; biomechanics analysis in vivo is been made on the expanded skin ; comparing the biomechanics property in vitro of the rapid expansion and conventional expansion with different maintaining times , the parameters such as strength , stress - strain relationship , stress relaxation and creep which reflect the characteristic of the expanded skin have been obtained ; making the research of the expanded skin ' s biomechanics changes at different stage after grafting , the long - term and short term diversified regular has been obtained ; making experimental study and discussing the changes in the microcirculation and vessel structure of exceedingly expanded shin , the relationship between survival length of flap and the changes has been gotten 本课题旨在用生物力学的方法通过动物实验来研究不同注水扩张期和维持扩张期对皮肤扩张量和皮肤回缩的影响,探讨有效获取较大的扩张皮肤面积的快速扩张方法;对扩张皮肤进行在体生物力学特性分析;比较了快速扩张和常规扩张在不同维持期的皮肤离体生物力学特性,得到离体生物力学各参数,如强度、应力?应变、应力松弛、蠕变等;为全面了解扩张皮肤在移植后的近期和远期的变化规律,做了扩张皮肤移植后不同阶段的生物力学变化的实验研究;探讨了不同扩张量时皮肤的微循环变化和血管结构变化与皮瓣存活的关系。